Overview:
Propolis extract is a yellow-brown or dark-brown sticky substance extract secreted by Apis cerana or Apis mellifera from the Apis family. The main components are flavonoids and terpenes. It has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, virus-inhibiting, and body-enhancing properties. Immunity and other effects. Propolis is a resin collected by bees from the buds, bark and other parts of the gum-producing plant Chemicalbook, mixed with the secretions of bees' lingual glands, wax glands and other glands, and is a gelatinous substance synthesized by bees through repeated metabolism. Propolis is a reddish-brown to green-brown powder or resinous block with a fragrant aroma. When heated, wax separates, which can be dispersed in water and also acts as a surfactant.
Pharmacological effects :
1. Antibacterial effect. In vitro tests of 35-750 μg/ml of propolis ethanol extract have inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and can produce drug resistance, but no cross-resistance has been found with general antibiotics.
2. Antifungal effect. Propolis alcohol infusion or ether infusion at a concentration of 1% to 10% was tested using the flat paper plate method and was found to be effective against Phytophthora flavonoids, Epidermophyton floccosum, Rhophylococcus rubrum, Microsporum ferruginosa, Microsporum woolly, Trichophyton gypseum, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton fulminans, etc. have inhibitory effects.
3. Antiprotozoal propolis ethanol extract 0.5~150μg/ml has the effect of killing Trichomonas vaginalis in in vitro tests.
4. Anti-cancer effect. Propolis ethanol extract has been tested in vitro and has an inhibitory effect on HeLa cells, with an IC50 of 10 μg/ml.
5. Anti-radiation damage. Rats are pre-administered with 20 mg of propolis extract half an hour before irradiation, which can resist the decrease in leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity caused by X-ray irradiation.
6. Antioxidant effect. The concentration of 0.04% propolis ethanol extract can significantly increase the stability of pig fat. After mice were infected with Typhimurium, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the small intestinal homogenate decreased, lipid peroxides increased, and the activities of DNase and cathepsin D increased. 2 mg of propolis was given 1 hour after infection with Typhimurium. can reduce these pathological changes. Excessive intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats can increase free radicals, lipid oxidation and reduce antioxidant levels in the body. Ingesting 20 mg of vitamin E or propolis for 20 days can prevent these changes. The antioxidant effect of propolis is greater than that of vitamin E. It is also obvious that propolis can increase liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, DNase, RNase, cathepsin D activities and liver protein levels.
7. Promote cell division and tissue repair. Propolis ethanol extract 30μg/ml in culture medium, cultured for 72 hours, can promote mitosis of cultured single-layer pig embryonic kidney cells. In addition, it also enhances the metabolism of cells, as shown in Strong activating effect of reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide reductase (NADH2-reductase). Artificially removing the cartilage of the dog's femoral head and hip joint, and applying 3% propolis ethanol extract ointment locally can promote cartilage regeneration in the injured area Chemicalbook. After artificially damaging the radial bone tissue of dogs, topical application of 3% propolis ethanol extract ointment can promote bone tissue regeneration. When the dental pulp of dogs is artificially injured, the dental pulp cavity is flushed with 5% propolis ethanol extract and partially covered with a solid preparation of propolis ethanol extract, which can promote the regeneration and repair process of the injured dental pulp in dogs.
8. Others. Propolis ethanol extract 50μl/animal iv can enhance the activities of rat liver succinyl dehydrogenase, NADPH2 tetrazolium reductase (NADPH2 tetrazolium reductase), glucose-6-phosphatase, ATPase and acid phosphatase. It has the greatest effect on NADPH2 tetrazolium reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase. Propolis ethanol extract 100~2000mg/kgip can reduce the spontaneous activity of mice, and 100mg/kg can enhance the anesthetic effect of cyclohexobarbital sodium.
Preparation
1. Take out the refrigerated and ground propolis using the methylene chloride method, add a certain amount of methylene chloride, stir thoroughly, heat and reflux, leave it aside for a few hours, filter, let the solvent evaporate, and use ethanol to heat reflux and extract. After filtering and removing wax, propolis extract can be obtained.
2. Ethyl acetate method: Based on the principle of similar compatibility of polar molecules, ethyl acetate is used to dissolve propolis to form an extract. After standing for several hours, extract with 5% NaHCO3 solution to obtain propolis ethyl acetate extract and propolis acidic substances. Then acidify the propolis acidic substances with hydrochloric acid, first extract with ether, and then extract with ethyl acetate. , and finally extracted with n-butanol (n-butanol extract can be obtained). The total amount of effective extract of propolis extracted with ethyl acetate can reach 57.8%, and the total flavonoids in the n-butanol extract can reach 22.5%.
3. Boron polymer electrolyte method This method is the latest research result of Japanese scientists. Specifically, the dilute and refined aqueous solution of the anionic polymer compound-boron polymer electrolyte is fully miscible with cellulose containing propolis. The diluted and refined aqueous solution of the electrolyte can continuously decompose propolis, and then add ethanol and cellulose made from seaweed to extract a hydrophilic gel containing active ingredients. The refined crystals have strong sterilization properties power, and the extract obtained by this method has very good activity.
